CONTENT
Introduction........................................................................................................................
European
and American analysts......................................................................................
Corruption.........................................................................................................................
Human
Trafficking and prostitution.................................................................................
Drugs
and narcotics in BiH..............................................................................................
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................
Literature...........................................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION
Organized crime is a form of crime that is
particularly dangerous and socially immanent developed countries of the modern
world.
Organized
crime is a kind of lawless action which is similar to the organizational
structure of the corporation or association. It is particularly
characteristic of developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, as
well as transition countries, especially the vulnerable and fertile ground for
the development of organized crime.
The main characteristics of this crime are gain as a
motive and violence, intimidation and corruption as a method of performing the
various criminal offenses. For these reasons, all modern criminal laws are just
the membership in an organized crime group predicted as a separate criminal
offense and set a strong sanction to members of organized crime groups. Basically the goal of
organized crime is the acquisition of material benefits or income. Income is obtained by
selling drugs, prostitution, arms smuggling, trafficking, Piracy in the music,
movies, pornography, trading with countries under embargo and other prohibited
activities.
EUROPEAN and
AMERICAN ANALYSTS
In addition to slowing
economic growth and undermines the rule of law, organized crime has become a
serious problem in Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Macedonia and Croatia. Organized Crime in the Western Balkans and further
threaten European security since the Balkan country has become one of the main
zone to enter the area of criminal structures of the European Union.
Trafficking in drugs,
tobacco, and people considered to be the main criminal activity in the region
and brings huge profits to people involved in it. Therefore, the
relationship of money laundering and organized crime remains a significant
problem is the document on the situation in Western Balkans, which American
analysts have been created for the purpose of Congress.
The document warns that the countries of the
region there has been a strengthening of links between organized crime,
political elites and war criminals, making it possible to just be a crime in
2015. The main cause of the escalation of violence and chaos in the region.
Analysts, however,
stand out as potentially Croatia the most perspective country in the region
that will in the next few years certainly become an EU member. *1
CORRUPTION
Corruption
Perception Index (CPI) developed by Transparency International (TI) in 2008. year ranked
Bosna and Herzegovina (BiH) on places 92-95, with feedback 3,1 in among 180 countries of the world, classifying
it as the lowest position among the countries of
Southeast Europe. This position and evaluation of
a drop compared to 2007. year, when Bosnia was on the 84th A place with score
of 3.3. While
countries in the region according to the survey recorded a slow but continuous
progress, Bosnia and Herzegovina since the first time included in this study
2003rd was not recorded significant progress. According to this study, grade 3,
the limits of the presence of systemic corruption, or a situation in which key
institutions and processes in practice subordinated to the state of corruption
and where there is no possibility of a different relationship between
government and citizens.
Corruption
Perception Index TI 2003 - 2008 (CPI)
Worldbank:
Anticorruption in transition *2
According to studies the average amount of bribery in
academic education was 547 km. The average amount that citizens pay bribes for
medical services is 500 KM.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING and
PROSTITUTION
Major international conference on organized crime in Southeast Europe,
which arranged the British Government, has shown that the fight against
organized crime, incorporates the priorities for action, as countries in the
region and the international community in this case embodied in the European
Union. Such commitment has requested security system reform in BiH and
the region as a whole, in the direction of more efficient and more organized
battle against threats that carry international organized crime and terrorism.
Human trafficking is modern slavery. Most trafficking victims come
from countries undergoing political and economic transition, as well as from
countries which are faced with postwar reconstruction. Encouraged by economic inequality, high unemployment rate and /
or poor social conditions in the countries they come from, people who belong to
socially disadvantaged groups are attracted by the possibility of achieving a
better future and deluded with promises of well-paid jobs in richer countries. However, the harsh reality is that they often end up in
conditions of slavery and submission and are subjected to serious physical and
mental violence. *4
Bosnia and Herzegovina is primarily a source country for domestic human
trafficking, but also the country of destination and transit for women and
girls trafficked on their way to Western Europe for commercial sexual
exploitation. In the past year, 2009. year, the number of victims
from Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly minors, traded within the country,
dramatically increased. Reports on trade Roma's children for forced
labor continued. Victims from Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania and
Russia in general come to Bosnia and Herzegovina through Serbia or Montenegro
for commercial sexual exploitation. Many traffickers held victims in private homes
or safe haven to avoid detection by law enforcement forces, according to
reports, some of them forced their victims from other countries to seek asylum
in order to keep them in the country. *5
During the reporting period, the prison sentence
imposed on persons found guilty of a criminal offense of trafficking had been
low, as before, or are in turn was suspended sentence.
According to reports prepared by the European officials on human
trafficking, which is published 4.6.2008.god. Bosnia and Herzegovina is the
third year in a row in 2 other category (level 2), which is an indication that
Bosnia and Herzegovina did not fully comply with minimum standards to combat
human trafficking, but noted that in this respect noted considerable effort. *5
Bosnia and Herzegovina is recommended aggressive prosecution of
trafficking cases to ensure that convicted traffickers receive adequate
punishment that will prevent further trafficking and aggressive investigation
and prosecution of an accomplice in trafficking. *5
DRUGS and
NARCOTICS in BiH
Authorities estimate that in BiH there are about 120,000 drug addicts,
although data on the number varies because they are not collected
systematically, according to an annual State Department report on international
narcotics control. The report said that BiH is in a strategic location on
the Balkan drug smuggling route.
BiH is not a significant producer of narcotics, nor significantly they
consume, but it is on such a strategic position between the main centers of
production and markets of Southeast Asia to Western Europe. One of the main route
begins in Albania, and continues through Montenegro, passing through Bosnia and
Croatia, and then goes on to Slovenia and then in Western Europe.
The most important is that BiH has become a sort of storehouse for
drugs, mostly marijuana, cocaine and heroin. Drug
traffickers warehouse in BiH, while waiting for her to be transferred to the
main destinations. According to data from agencies in BiH, the State
Department, in the previous period were seized 35.27 kilograms of heroin, 9.37
kilograms of cocaine, 76.11 kilograms of amphetamine, 150.3 kilograms of
marijuana, 3.118 stalks of cannabis, 2639 cannabis seeds, 499 ecstasy pills and 800 grams of hashish.
Agencies in BiH argue that all three ethnic groups
involved in drug trafficking, often working through ethnic lines. Sale of drugs is
considered to be significant source of income for organized crime groups, and
that money to finance laws, and illegal activity, the report reads.
The evidence suggests that there are links between criminal elements in
Bosnia and Herzegovina and the operation of organized crime in Russia, Albania,
Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Austria, Germany and Italy. In the region of the Montenegro, Croatia and Albania
also listed as a transit country for drugs from Asia to Western Europe. According
to the report, Serbia is a "major drug transit country through the Balkan
corridor.
The greatest success in BiH in the fight against the
smuggling of drugs is the recent seizure of 50 kilograms of heroin in Sarajevo,
then
about 15 people were arrested
*6
CONCLUSION
Trafficking in drugs, tobacco, and people considered to be the main
criminal activity in the region and BiH. According
to surveys by Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index of BiH
has in place with a 92-95 score of 3.1 among 180 countries of the world. Bosnia
and Herzegovina is the third year in a row in the other 2 categories (level 2)
which shows that Bosnia and Herzegovina did not fully comply with minimum
standards for combating trafficking. BiH is not
a significant producer of narcotics, nor significantly they consume, but it is
on such a strategic position between the main centers of production and markets
of Southeast Asia to Western Europe.
_______________________________________________________________
LITERATURE
*1
/www.islambosna.ba/index.php/vijesti/vijesti-svijet/8412-kriminal-e-do-2015-izazvati-
novo-nasilje-na-balkan
*2 Indeks percepcije korupcije TI 2003 -
2008 (CPI) Worldbank: Anticorruption in transition
*3 Prvo kvartalno istrazivanje percepcije
korupcije 2009.pdf, /www.ti-bih.org/documents/29-04-2009/
*4
/www.oscebih.org/human_rights/cro/antitrafficking.asp/
*5
/bosnian.sarajevo.usembassy.gov/trgovina-ljudima-2008.html/
*6
/www.bhraja.ca/Vijesti/BH-teme/U-BiH-oko-120.000-ovisnika-o-drogama?.html/
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